At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the main industries of Neijiang were: the food industry based on sugar, the textile industry mainly producing summer cloth and cotton cloth, and the metal products industry mainly producing iron. During the Republic of China, the two textile industries, cotton cloth and Xiabu, developed rapidly and became an indispensable industry in Neijiang's economy at that time.
Neijiang soil weaving began in the 17th year of Qing Guangxu (1891) as the soil weaving and dyeing factory of Zhangxing, which was built near the Dongqiao Gaoqiao. It was woven with a waist machine and used bamboo and wood-made hand-made spinning and earthen cloth. The machine is the burgeoning of the national capital industry in the textile industry of Neijiang County.
In 1912, Zou Decheng founded the Weixin Weaving Factory in Zengjiatang Hall of Guihu Street, with a capital of 1,200 yuan, 27 weavers, and an annual output of 1,500 horses. Later, Dongxing Liu Wanzhang founded the thick silk factory in Shidong Township. In 1913, a wire-and-wood hybrid zipper looms were introduced from Japan to produce wide-width white cloth. In 1916, Wang Yinyi set up a shade factory in the College Street, with 17 employees and an annual output of 1,800 horses. In 1923, Xiaoxi Street Fukang Line Socks Factory was put into operation, with a capital of 800 yuan, 12 employees, and an annual output of 3,000 socks.
After that, the traditional national industry of Neijiang textile industry continued to develop. By 1931, there were only 119 weaving households in Neijiang County, employing 1,298 people and having 587 iron wheel machines. At this time, 71 sets of wooden shuttle machines continue to be used in some cloth factories.
In 1942, Wenbin, Hengfeng, Futong, Glory, Rongxiang, Huihua, Xichuan, Liangfa and other eight weaving factories had a total of 130 sets of cloth machines, 206 workers, with an annual output of 20,150 flowers; white cloth 12800 match.
From the perspective of the varieties produced, the previous 1923 cotton textile industry can only produce cloth and socks, and after continuous updating equipment, technological innovation, new varieties, etc., cotton textiles are in the original cloth and socks. On the basis of this, by 1935, the daily family needs of flowers, blankets, towels and other residents were added. A multi-species production system has taken shape. Meet the needs of some citizens for textiles. In particular, the white cloth produced by Neijiang is popular among Zigong salt field workers and Weiyuan underground coal mine workers because of its low price and good practicality.
In 1946, there were 115 households participating in the Weaving Industry Association, employing 320 people, producing 25,000 white cloths; 15,000 horses; 12,000 dozens of socks; and 24,000 dozens of towels. Later, with foreign cloth and cotton yarn hitting the market, various products of Neijiang's real estate cotton woven fabrics were affected by different degrees, and their market space gradually narrowed.
In addition to cotton, Neijiang also produces Xiabu. At the time, Xiabu developed into an important part of the rural economy in Guanyin Beach (small place name), Tianjiachang and surrounding areas in Neijiang County.
The raw materials of Xiabu are locally produced raw hemp. The two varieties of Xiabu's production areas have a certain choice: Guanyintan produces summer clothing for clothing and clothing; Tianjiachang produces summer cloth for mosquito nets. Xiabu is a natural color processing, the clothes are light yellow; the mosquito net is cyan, and it needs to be finished in a beautiful and beautiful color, and it needs to go through the next process in the Neijiang City plus workshop, which takes about half a month. Products can be listed.
According to historical records: As early as in the Qing Daoguang and Xianfeng years, Neijiang produced Xiabu, which was exported to Chengdu, Chongqing, Hankou, Shanghai and other important port cities along the Yangtze River. In 1926, Guanyin Beach produced about 140,000 pieces of clothing for the whole year; Tianjiachang produced about 65,000 pieces of cloth. The large quantity, low price, good quality and applicable Xiabu attracted businessmen from Chongqing, Shanxi, Longchang and Rongchang to purchase, and then distributed to all parts of Sichuan and Hubei, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and even to North Korea. Chongqing Pei's Hu Pei San, Yan Wenqing, Shanxi Gang's Liancheng Font, Qingji Font, and Neijiang's local Li Dongcai are the main traders of Neijiang Xiab. The Xiabs sold to Shanghai use “color embroidery” and “flower picking” for five-color cross-stitch. The users are mainly used as decorative cloths such as tablecloths. Among them, the fine summer cloth can be compared with the rayon and georgette at that time, and it is a good fabric for making summer clothes and mosquito nets; the printed summer cloth is the fine fabric for the Shanghai people to make high-grade cheongsam, which is very popular among consumers.
Due to the optimistic operating profit, Neijiang Heba Street opened 16 stores selling Xiabu in 1933, which shows that the industry is booming, and its condition is comparable to the industry of “Chaobu Township” Longchang.
The fine summer cloth produced by Neijiang, according to the words of the industry, has thousands of "heads" and "heads" that are warp. How can so many meridians quickly count, especially in production and sales, such as the store market, this problem, the buyer is responsible for himself, mostly to count the "head", and then on the quality. This problem was solved by savvy operators. In 2013, the original business name of Xiabu was arrogant, and I told the author about the past years of Xiab’s business: there was a special microscope, which placed the mirror in the middle of the cloth, and saw 40 in the mirror. If you see 20 filaments in the mirror, it is 800 heads. According to this method, it is ready.
Due to traffic congestion in the war of resistance, poor transportation, depreciation of the currency, people's diversified demand for clothing materials and other factors, until the eve of liberation, there are only a few Xiabu producers and merchants in Neijiang, which was once in the rural economy. It was almost all done for women.
After the liberation, with the construction of large-scale cotton textile enterprises, various types of cotton textiles and chemical fibers were put on the market in large quantities. The manual production of summer cloth and cotton cloth by Neijiang gradually became history.
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